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Humanity in a Creative Universe, by Stuart A. Kauffman
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In the hard sciences, which can often feel out of grasp for many lay readers, there are "great thinkers" who go far beyond the equations, formulas, and research. Minds such as Stephen Hawking philosophize about the functions and nature of the universe, the implications of our existence, and other impossibly fascinating, yet difficult questions. Stuart A. Kauffman is one of those great thinkers. He has dedicated his lifetime to researching "complex systems" at prestigious institutions and now writes his treatise on the most complex system of all: our universe.
A recent Scientific American article claims that "philosophy begins where physics ends, and physics begins where philosophy ends," and perhaps no better quote sums up what Kauffman's latest book offers. Grounded in his rigorous training and research background, Kauffman is inter-disciplinary in every sense of the word, sorting through the major questions and theories in biology, physics, and philosophy. Best known for his philosophy of evolutionary biology, Kauffman coined the term "prestatability" to call into question whether science can ever accurately and precisely predict the future development of biological features in organisms. As evidenced by the title's mention of creativity, the book refreshingly argues that our preoccupation to explain all things with scientific law has deadened our creative natures. In this fascinating read, Kauffman concludes that the development of life on earth is not entirely predictable, because no theory could ever fully account for the limitless variations of evolution. Sure to cause a stir, this book will be discussed for years to come and may even set the tone for the next "great thinker."
- Sales Rank: #167437 in Books
- Brand: Kauffman Stuart A
- Published on: 2016-03-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 6.50" h x 1.30" w x 9.30" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 312 pages
- Humanity in a Creative Universe
About the Author
Stuart A. Kauffman was educated in Philosophy, Psychology and Physiology at Dartmouth and Oxford, obtained his medical degree from UCSF in 1968 and has devoted himself to often seminal work in biology and areas of physics and economics since.
Most helpful customer reviews
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
A Joy Ride Through the Universe.
By Stanley Palombo
Stuart Kauffman, one of our greatest scientists, is a passionate humanist. "Humanity in a Creative Universe" expands on and elaborates his long-held view of the universe as a wonderfullly unpredictable system that creates novelty and complexity at a furious pace. Kauffman's universe is not a lot of empty space with a little bit of stuff scattered through it, as some physicists argue it is. Nor are human beings insignificant fragments of that stuff, but exceptional and fascinating products of the its creativity. For Kauffman this is a joyous realization, and he makes no effort to conceal his delight in this view of life and the world.
Kauffman knows that we are all aware of our thinking, feeling and choosing selves, despite what the physicists may say. He wants to eliminate the gap between what we know and feel intuitively and the scientific dogmas that tell us everything that happens was already determined when the Big Bang was so mysteriously initiated, driven by just a few simple physical laws. Kauffman explains that the laws of physics alone cannot account for the biological universe, just as the laws of biology cannot account for what we think and feel. The laws must evolve along with the phenomena they govern. Each individual E. coli of the millions in the physicist's gut is more complex, more interconnected, more interactive and more energy efficient than the entire non-biotic universe.
A good place to begin in understanding Kauffman's thinking, is with the concept of "the adjacent possible". In earlier books, describing the evolutionary process, Kauffman has referred to the set of all the possible evolutionary outcomes from a single mutation in any one of the thousands of genes an organism possesses, as "the adjacent possible" into which the organism can evolve. Natural selection winnows these possibilities to a very few that can be actualized in a viable organism. But the number of the adjacent possibilities is so vast, and the circumstances that might favor one over the others so complex. that the outcome of the evolutionary process cannot be known in advance. He illustrates this idea with the homely example of a screwdriver. He asks the reader to specify all the possible uses for a screwdriver. It can't be done. Someone will always be able to come up with a new one.
In "Humanity", Kauffman draws out the implications of the idea of the adjacent possible, beginning with its undermining of the scientific dogmas of reductionism and determinism. This project leads Kauffman and "Humanity" in many directions, which I can't begin to describe here, although quantum mechanics and consciousness, and the possible links between them appear prominently. Some of his explorations lead to conclusions that seem both brilliant and obvious, all are imaginative and fascinating, a few perhaps too far a stretch to be completely convincing. Each reader will have his own assessment of this mix. But the process of sorting out Kauffman's ideas for oneself is an exciting adventure I can recommend to everyone.
Kauffman's writing is not always easy to follow. "Humanity" is not written in a linear style, like a textbook. Kauffman keeps returning to old material in new contexts, making new connections, seeing more deeply into the issues. Sometimes it seems as if a whirlwind has just passed through. But you don't have to worry. There's no examination. "Humanity in a Creative Universe", as enlightening as it may be, is a pleasure trip.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
An extremely interesting and important look at an intellectual revolution
By David Keppel
This book is the most interesting and profound exploration I know of the intellectual revolution underway in a host of disciplines though still resisted by much of the academic establishment. Briefly, it acknowledges emergence. You might read this book together with The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time: A Proposal in Natural Philosophy, The Neural Basis of Free Will: Criterial Causation (MIT Press), The Neural Basis of Free Will: Criterial Causation (MIT Press), and Dance to the Tune of Life: Biological Relativity.
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
An important treatise on creativity as a universal constant
By Robert Goldberg
Stuart Kauffman's Humanity in a Creative Universe is the culmination of his exploration of our creative universe. Like his other books, Kauffman weaves complex discussions of quantum theory with observation and opinions on everyday life. He argues with evidence and passion that the progress humanity has reached it's limit in how much can be achieved through reductionist approaches. Kauffman argues persuasively that quantum mechanics shapes existence whether it be the infinite combination of chemicals, ideas or tools we can produce.
Much of what we now know to be empirically validated about our own quantum existence was anticipated and articulated by the author over the past 40 years. "Humanity in a Creative Universe" argues that an enternal creative impulse -- the adjacent possible -- informs the emergence of the universe and human endeavor. While a recent reviewer criticized Kauffman for discussing global warming, banking failures, etc, the fact is the limits and dangers of today have been repeated throughout history.
Further, Kauffman's point is that such challenges can be addressed, but not by relying on reductionism. In doing so, we may continue to make progress but fail to comprehend that in doing so we remain blissfully ignorant, convinced that we have obtained great insights when in fact we are (to paraphrase and borrow an observation Churchill made about Neville Chamberlain) we are looking at the world through the wrong end of a municipal drainpipe ."
Ultimately Kauffman expresses the concern about the impact excessive reductionism will have on humanity's creative capacity that Joshua Lederberg had about it's negative effect on medical progress. Lederberg noted, "My fear is that in the great excitement of this new wave of knowledge, we may lose some of the convergence, the feel for the organism, the natural historical context, the excitement and provocations that come from clinical observation which in my view will be necessary not only to further clinically important needs but even to give us the most important revolutionary findings within biology itself."
Kauffman's book demonstrates that the loss of such a convergence -- as well as the profound feeling of discovery it engenders -- is essential to our spiritual and material well-being. Reductionism seduces us into believing we have complete knowledge. Kauffman demonstrates empirically that the uncertain is the possible, that we are always at the intersection between the known and the imagined. The future of humanity consists of discovering always something commensurate to our capacity for wonder.
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